Point of view. Always look for a more interesting angle from which to take the photograph. High or low angles can present the world in a unique way.

Subject contrast. Make sure that the subject stands out from the background. Dark against light, or light against dark allows the viewer to distinguish the important parts of the photograph.

Framing. Examine all parts of the frame very carefully as you look through the viewfinder. This is the time to look for distracting elements such as a telephone pole coming out of a subject’s head.

Composition. Avoid placing the subject in the center of the photograph. This produces a static and boring composition. Divide your photograph into thirds, vertically and horizontally, and place your subject at one of the intersecting points.

Lighting.  The lighting should enhance the photograph, not detract from it. Stay away from flat frontal lighting. Look for more interesting light from the side or back of the subject.

Camera-to-subject-distance. An overall or long shot establishes the location of an event. A medium shot describes the action. A close-up examines the details of a situation. Shoot all three to give coverage as complete as possible.

Decisive moment. Make sure to always tell the story of an event or news situation. Try to capture the decisive moment, the instant when all the above elements come together to form a powerful photograph.


Always observe the famous photojournalism axiom, “f8 and be there.”  Carry your camera at all times and be ready to make great photographs.